宿迁做网站 宿迁网站建设,如何进行网站推广?网站推广的基本手段有哪些,wordpress文章tag,怎么搜索网站内容【编程基础之Python】5、安装Python第三方模块安装Python第三方模块为什么需要安装第三方模块Python包管理器介绍pippip installpython -m pip installcondaconda install在Windows环境中安装Python模块安装numpy安装pandas安装matplotlib在Linux环境中安装Python模块在PyCharm…
【编程基础之Python】5、安装Python第三方模块安装Python第三方模块为什么需要安装第三方模块Python包管理器介绍pippip installpython -m pip installcondaconda install在Windows环境中安装Python模块安装numpy安装pandas安装matplotlib在Linux环境中安装Python模块在PyCharm中安装Python模块写在后面安装Python第三方模块
为什么需要安装第三方模块
Python具有很强的可扩展性它不是把所有功能特性都集中到语言核心而是提供了丰富的官方的、第三方的类库。在创建好一个Python的虚拟环境之后默认安装的包非常少不能满足开发中的需求所以需要我们自己安装第三方模块。
在Windows下 在Linux下 Python包管理器介绍
很多系统和语言都提供了包管理器。
pip
Python 常用的包管理器是 pip。pip的使用方法为
Usage: pip command [options]Commands:install Install packages.download Download packages.uninstall Uninstall packages.freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.inspect Inspect the python environment.list List installed packages.show Show information about installed packages.check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.config Manage local and global configuration.search Search PyPI for packages.cache Inspect and manage pips wheel cache.index Inspect information available from package indexes.wheel Build wheels from your requirements.hash Compute hashes of package archives.completion A helper command used for command completion.debug Show information useful for debugging.help Show help for commands.常用的命令有
install用于安装Python模块download用于下载Python模块uninstall用于卸载已安装的模块freeze用于输出当前环境中已安装的模块通常用于生成依赖文件requirements.txtlist列出当前环境中已安装的模块search用于从PyPI中查找第三方模块
有两种方法来运行pip进行Python模块的安装这两种方法的效果是一样的。
pip install
使用pip进行Python模块安装的第一种方式是直接使用命令pip install这个是安装Python模块最方便的方式。当然前提是pip命令已经添加到系统的环境变量PATH中了。pip install命令的语法为
Usage: pip install [options] requirement specifier [package-index-options] ...pip install [options] -r requirements file [package-index-options] ...pip install [options] [-e] vcs project url ...pip install [options] [-e] local project path ...pip install [options] archive url/path ...Description:Install packages from:- PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.- VCS project urls.- Local project directories.- Local or remote source archives.python -m pip install
使用pip进行Python模块安装的第二种方式是使用命令python -m pip install其中-m指定要运行的模块该命令是直接使用python命令将pip模块当成脚本运行。python -m pip install命令的语法为
Usage: /home/wux_labs/anaconda3/envs/PythonBasic/bin/python -m pip install [options] requirement specifier [package-index-options] .../home/wux_labs/anaconda3/envs/PythonBasic/bin/python -m pip install [options] -r requirements file [package-index-options] .../home/wux_labs/anaconda3/envs/PythonBasic/bin/python -m pip install [options] [-e] vcs project url .../home/wux_labs/anaconda3/envs/PythonBasic/bin/python -m pip install [options] [-e] local project path .../home/wux_labs/anaconda3/envs/PythonBasic/bin/python -m pip install [options] archive url/path ...Description:Install packages from:- PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.- VCS project urls.- Local project directories.- Local or remote source archives.conda
Anaconda提供的conda是一个用来管理和部署应用、环境和包的工具自然conda工具也包含第三方模块的安装功能。
conda install
conda install命令就是用来安装Python模块的其语法如下
usage: conda install [-h] [--revision REVISION] [-n ENVIRONMENT | -p PATH] [-c CHANNEL] [--use-local] [--override-channels][--repodata-fn REPODATA_FNS] [--strict-channel-priority] [--no-channel-priority] [--no-deps | --only-deps] [--no-pin] [--copy][-C] [-k] [--offline] [-d] [--json] [-q] [-v] [-y] [--download-only] [--show-channel-urls] [--file FILE][--experimental-solver {classic,libmamba,libmamba-draft}] [--force-reinstall][--freeze-installed | --update-deps | -S | --update-all | --update-specs] [-m] [--clobber] [--dev][package_spec ...]Installs a list of packages into a specified conda environment.在Windows环境中安装Python模块
打开Anaconda Prompt窗口切换到需要安装Python模块的虚拟环境。
conda activate PythonBasic在数据分析中经常会用到Python数据分析三剑客numpy、pandas、matplotlib下面分别用三种方式来进行安装。
安装numpy
使用命令
pip install numpy安装完成后可以看到虚拟环境中的Python模块明显比最初的时候多很多。
编写一段代码验证一下
(PythonBasic) C:\Users\wux_labspython
Python 3.9.16 (main, Jan 11 2023, 16:16:36) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.import numpy as nparr np.arange(12)print(arr)
[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]arr2 arr.reshape(3,4)print(arr2)
[[ 0 1 2 3][ 4 5 6 7][ 8 9 10 11]]安装pandas
使用命令
python -m pip install pandas安装完成后编写代码验证一下
(PythonBasic) C:\Users\wux_labspython
Python 3.9.16 (main, Jan 11 2023, 16:16:36) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.import pandas as pdser1 pd.Series([1.5, 2.5, 3, 4.5, 5.0, 6])print(ser1)
0 1.5
1 2.5
2 3.0
3 4.5
4 5.0
5 6.0
dtype: float64安装matplotlib
使用命令
conda install matplotlib可以看到matplotlib安装的包更多安装过程为
(PythonBasic) C:\Users\wux_labsconda install matplotlib
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. current version: 22.9.0latest version: 23.1.0Please update conda by running$ conda update -n base -c defaults conda## Package Plan ##environment location: C:\Users\wux_labs\anaconda3\envs\PythonBasicadded / updated specs:- matplotlibThe following packages will be downloaded:package | build---------------------------|-----------------contourpy-1.0.5 | py39h59b6b97_0 159 KBfreetype-2.12.1 | ha860e81_0 490 KBglib-2.69.1 | h5dc1a3c_2 1.8 MBgst-plugins-base-1.18.5 | h9e645db_0 1.7 MBgstreamer-1.18.5 | hd78058f_0 1.7 MBkiwisolver-1.4.4 | py39hd77b12b_0 60 KBlibclang-12.0.0 |default_h627e005_2 17.8 MBlibffi-3.4.2 | hd77b12b_6 109 KBlibogg-1.3.5 | h2bbff1b_1 33 KBlibtiff-4.5.0 | h6c2663c_1 1.2 MBlibvorbis-1.3.7 | he774522_0 202 KBlibwebp-1.2.4 | h2bbff1b_0 67 KBlibwebp-base-1.2.4 | h2bbff1b_0 279 KBlz4-c-1.9.4 | h2bbff1b_0 143 KBmatplotlib-3.6.2 | py39haa95532_0 9 KBmatplotlib-base-3.6.2 | py39h1094b8e_0 6.5 MBnumpy-1.23.5 | py39h3b20f71_0 11 KBnumpy-base-1.23.5 | py39h4da318b_0 6.0 MBopenssl-1.1.1t | h2bbff1b_0 5.5 MBpcre-8.45 | hd77b12b_0 382 KBpillow-9.3.0 | py39hd77b12b_2 992 KBply-3.11 | py39haa95532_0 81 KBpyqt-5.15.7 | py39hd77b12b_0 3.7 MBpyqt5-sip-12.11.0 | py39hd77b12b_0 75 KBqt-main-5.15.2 | he8e5bd7_7 50.0 MBqt-webengine-5.15.9 | hb9a9bb5_5 48.9 MBqtwebkit-5.212 | h3ad3cdb_4 10.3 MBsip-6.6.2 | py39hd77b12b_0 434 KBxz-5.2.10 | h8cc25b3_1 520 KBzlib-1.2.13 | h8cc25b3_0 113 KB------------------------------------------------------------Total: 158.9 MBThe following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:blas pkgs/main/win-64::blas-1.0-mkl Nonebrotli pkgs/main/win-64::brotli-1.0.9-h2bbff1b_7 Nonebrotli-bin pkgs/main/win-64::brotli-bin-1.0.9-h2bbff1b_7 Nonecontourpy pkgs/main/win-64::contourpy-1.0.5-py39h59b6b97_0 Nonecycler pkgs/main/noarch::cycler-0.11.0-pyhd3eb1b0_0 Nonefonttools pkgs/main/noarch::fonttools-4.25.0-pyhd3eb1b0_0 Nonefreetype pkgs/main/win-64::freetype-2.12.1-ha860e81_0 Noneglib pkgs/main/win-64::glib-2.69.1-h5dc1a3c_2 Nonegst-plugins-base pkgs/main/win-64::gst-plugins-base-1.18.5-h9e645db_0 Nonegstreamer pkgs/main/win-64::gstreamer-1.18.5-hd78058f_0 Noneicu pkgs/main/win-64::icu-58.2-ha925a31_3 Noneintel-openmp pkgs/main/win-64::intel-openmp-2021.4.0-haa95532_3556 Nonejpeg pkgs/main/win-64::jpeg-9e-h2bbff1b_0 Nonekiwisolver pkgs/main/win-64::kiwisolver-1.4.4-py39hd77b12b_0 Nonelerc pkgs/main/win-64::lerc-3.0-hd77b12b_0 Nonelibbrotlicommon pkgs/main/win-64::libbrotlicommon-1.0.9-h2bbff1b_7 Nonelibbrotlidec pkgs/main/win-64::libbrotlidec-1.0.9-h2bbff1b_7 Nonelibbrotlienc pkgs/main/win-64::libbrotlienc-1.0.9-h2bbff1b_7 Nonelibclang pkgs/main/win-64::libclang-12.0.0-default_h627e005_2 Nonelibdeflate pkgs/main/win-64::libdeflate-1.8-h2bbff1b_5 Nonelibffi pkgs/main/win-64::libffi-3.4.2-hd77b12b_6 Nonelibiconv pkgs/main/win-64::libiconv-1.16-h2bbff1b_2 Nonelibogg pkgs/main/win-64::libogg-1.3.5-h2bbff1b_1 Nonelibpng pkgs/main/win-64::libpng-1.6.37-h2a8f88b_0 Nonelibtiff pkgs/main/win-64::libtiff-4.5.0-h6c2663c_1 Nonelibvorbis pkgs/main/win-64::libvorbis-1.3.7-he774522_0 Nonelibwebp pkgs/main/win-64::libwebp-1.2.4-h2bbff1b_0 Nonelibwebp-base pkgs/main/win-64::libwebp-base-1.2.4-h2bbff1b_0 Nonelibxml2 pkgs/main/win-64::libxml2-2.9.14-h0ad7f3c_0 Nonelibxslt pkgs/main/win-64::libxslt-1.1.35-h2bbff1b_0 Nonelz4-c pkgs/main/win-64::lz4-c-1.9.4-h2bbff1b_0 Nonematplotlib pkgs/main/win-64::matplotlib-3.6.2-py39haa95532_0 Nonematplotlib-base pkgs/main/win-64::matplotlib-base-3.6.2-py39h1094b8e_0 Nonemkl pkgs/main/win-64::mkl-2021.4.0-haa95532_640 Nonemkl-service pkgs/main/win-64::mkl-service-2.4.0-py39h2bbff1b_0 Nonemkl_fft pkgs/main/win-64::mkl_fft-1.3.1-py39h277e83a_0 Nonemkl_random pkgs/main/win-64::mkl_random-1.2.2-py39hf11a4ad_0 Nonemunkres pkgs/main/noarch::munkres-1.1.4-py_0 Nonenumpy pkgs/main/win-64::numpy-1.23.5-py39h3b20f71_0 Nonenumpy-base pkgs/main/win-64::numpy-base-1.23.5-py39h4da318b_0 Nonepcre pkgs/main/win-64::pcre-8.45-hd77b12b_0 Nonepillow pkgs/main/win-64::pillow-9.3.0-py39hd77b12b_2 Noneply pkgs/main/win-64::ply-3.11-py39haa95532_0 Nonepyparsing pkgs/main/win-64::pyparsing-3.0.9-py39haa95532_0 Nonepyqt pkgs/main/win-64::pyqt-5.15.7-py39hd77b12b_0 Nonepyqt5-sip pkgs/main/win-64::pyqt5-sip-12.11.0-py39hd77b12b_0 Noneqt-main pkgs/main/win-64::qt-main-5.15.2-he8e5bd7_7 Noneqt-webengine pkgs/main/win-64::qt-webengine-5.15.9-hb9a9bb5_5 Noneqtwebkit pkgs/main/win-64::qtwebkit-5.212-h3ad3cdb_4 Nonesip pkgs/main/win-64::sip-6.6.2-py39hd77b12b_0 Nonetk pkgs/main/win-64::tk-8.6.12-h2bbff1b_0 Nonetoml pkgs/main/noarch::toml-0.10.2-pyhd3eb1b0_0 Nonexz pkgs/main/win-64::xz-5.2.10-h8cc25b3_1 Nonezlib pkgs/main/win-64::zlib-1.2.13-h8cc25b3_0 Nonezstd pkgs/main/win-64::zstd-1.5.2-h19a0ad4_0 NoneThe following packages will be UPDATED:openssl 1.1.1s-h2bbff1b_0 -- 1.1.1t-h2bbff1b_0 NoneProceed ([y]/n)? yDownloading and Extracting Packages
numpy-1.23.5 | 11 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
libwebp-1.2.4 | 67 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
sip-6.6.2 | 434 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
ply-3.11 | 81 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
pillow-9.3.0 | 992 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
glib-2.69.1 | 1.8 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
matplotlib-3.6.2 | 9 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
contourpy-1.0.5 | 159 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
qt-webengine-5.15.9 | 48.9 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
kiwisolver-1.4.4 | 60 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
gst-plugins-base-1.1 | 1.7 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
qtwebkit-5.212 | 10.3 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
libclang-12.0.0 | 17.8 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
pcre-8.45 | 382 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
libogg-1.3.5 | 33 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
freetype-2.12.1 | 490 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
libffi-3.4.2 | 109 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
openssl-1.1.1t | 5.5 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
qt-main-5.15.2 | 50.0 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
pyqt-5.15.7 | 3.7 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
libwebp-base-1.2.4 | 279 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
zlib-1.2.13 | 113 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
lz4-c-1.9.4 | 143 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
libvorbis-1.3.7 | 202 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
numpy-base-1.23.5 | 6.0 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
libtiff-4.5.0 | 1.2 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
matplotlib-base-3.6. | 6.5 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
xz-5.2.10 | 520 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
pyqt5-sip-12.11.0 | 75 KB | ############################################################################ | 100%
gstreamer-1.18.5 | 1.7 MB | ############################################################################ | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
Retrieving notices: ...working... done(PythonBasic) C:\Users\wux_labs安装完成后编写一段代码验证一下
(PythonBasic) C:\Users\wux_labspython
Python 3.9.16 (main, Jan 11 2023, 16:16:36) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.from matplotlib import pyplot as pltx range(2, 26, 2)y [15, 13, 14.5, 17, 20, 25, 26, 26, 27, 22, 18, 15]plt.figure(figsize(20,8),dpi80)
Figure size 1600x640 with 0 Axesplt.plot(x, y)
[matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x000001F39A878760]plt.show()在Linux环境中安装Python模块
在Linux环境中安装Python模块的命令与在Windows环境中的一致同样可以使用以上三种方式进行安装。
pip install numpypip install pandas matplotlib
python -m pip install pandas matplotlib
conda install pandas matplotlib在PyCharm中安装Python模块
除了在虚拟环境中直接使用命令安装Python模块在PyCharm开发工具中还可以直接安装Python模块。
通过PyCharm的File - Settings…菜单 或者右下角的Python解释器管理工具 打开PyCharm的设置界面通过解释器环境管理中的添加按钮可以安装需要的Python模块。 在弹出的窗口中查找自己想安装的模块选中点击Install Package进行安装。 安装完成后可以看到安装的pyspark模块。 写在后面
Python具有很高的可扩展性在项目开发中我们会用到很多第三方的模块用好包管理器可以大大提高我们的效率。
