网站建设图片大小,深圳龙华网站公司,做网站一般需要多少钱,福永招聘网站建设两个视图基类
APIView和GenericAPIView
drf提供的最顶层的父类就是APIView#xff0c;以后所有的类都继承自他 GenericAPIView继承自APIView#xff0c;他里面封装了一些工能
基于APIViewModelSerializerResposne写5个接口
子路由#xff1a;app01urls.py
…两个视图基类
APIView和GenericAPIView
drf提供的最顶层的父类就是APIView以后所有的类都继承自他 GenericAPIView继承自APIView他里面封装了一些工能
基于APIViewModelSerializerResposne写5个接口
子路由app01urls.py
from django.urls import path, include
from . import viewsurlpatterns [path(books/, views.BookView.as_view()),path(books/int:pk, views.BookDetailView.as_view()),path(publish/, views.PublishView.as_view()),path(publish/int:pk, views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),
]主路由
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, includeurlpatterns [path(admin/, admin.site.urls),path(api/v1/, include(app01.urls)),
]序列化类
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model Bookfields [id, name, price, publish, authors, publish_detail, author_list]extra_kwargs {publish: {write_only: True},authors: {write_only: True},publish_detail: {read_only: True},author_list: {read_only: True}}模型表
from django.db import modelsclass Book(models.Model):name models.CharField(max_length32)price models.DecimalField(max_digits5, decimal_places2)publish models.ForeignKey(toPublish, on_deletemodels.CASCADE)authors models.ManyToManyField(toAuthor)propertydef publish_detail(self):return {name: self.publish.name, city: self.publish.city}propertydef author_list(self):l []for author in self.authors.all():l.append({name: author.name, age: author.age})return ldef __str__(self):return self.nameclass Author(models.Model):name models.CharField(max_length32)age models.IntegerField()author_detail models.OneToOneField(toAuthorDetail, on_deletemodels.CASCADE)def __str__(self):return self.nameclass AuthorDetail(models.Model):telephone models.BigIntegerField()birthday models.DateField()addr models.CharField(max_length64)class Publish(models.Model):name models.CharField(max_length32)city models.CharField(max_length32)email models.EmailField()def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name 出版社verbose_name_plural verbose_name
视图类
# 第一层继承APIView序列化类Response写接口
class BookView(APIView):def get(self, request):book_list Book.objects.all()ser BookSerializer(instancebook_list, manyTrue)return Response(ser.data)def post(self, request):ser BookSerializer(datarequest.data)if ser.is_valid():ser.save()return Response(ser.data)else:return Response(ser.errors)class BookDetailView(APIView):def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):book Book.objects.filter(pkkwargs.get(pk)).first()ser BookSerializer(instancebook,datarequest.data)if ser.is_valid():ser.save()return Response(ser.data)else:return Response(ser.errors)def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):book Book.objects.filter(pkkwargs.get(pk)).first()ser BookSerializer(instancebook)return Response(ser.data)def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):Book.objects.filter(pkkwargs.get(pk)).delete()return Response()继承GenericAPIView编写五个接口
class BookView(GenericAPIView):# 配置两个类属性queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializerdef get(self, request):obj_list self.get_queryset()ser self.get_serializer(instanceobj_list, manyTrue)return Response(ser.data)def post(self, request):ser self.get_serializer(datarequest.data)if ser.is_valid():ser.save()return Response(ser.data)else:return Response(ser.errors)class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializerdef put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):# book Book.objects.filter(pkkwargs.get(pk)).first()obj self.get_object() # 获取单条数据ser self.get_serializer(instanceobj, datarequest.data)if ser.is_valid():ser.save()return Response(ser.data)else:return Response(ser.errors)def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):obj self.get_object()ser self.get_serializer(instanceobj)return Response(ser.data)def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):self.get_object().delete()return Response()
继承GenericAPIView序列化类Response写接口
#1 继承GenericAPIView的写法-1 在类中写两个类属性所有数据序列化类queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer-2 获取所有要序列化的数据self.get_queryset()-3 获取序列化类self.get_serializer(参数跟之前一样)-4 获取单挑self.get_object()# 2 如果想快速写出Publish的5个接口只需要修改视图类上的两个类属性即可其他的不用动queryset Publish.objects.all()serializer_class PublishSerializer
# GenericAPIView源码分析-1 继承了APIView-2 有些类属性--》目前只记住两个querysetserializer_classqueryset # 要序列化的所有数据serializer_class # 序列化类lookup_field pk # 查询单条前端传入的参数对应值【pk】转换器filter_backends # 后续要学的过滤pagination_class # 后续要学的分页-3 有些对象方法-get_queryset 返回待序列化的数据1 调用 .all 2 在子类中重写控制要序列化的数据-get_serializer 返回 序列化类 以后用它-本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instanceobject_list, manyTrue) -内部调用了self.get_serializer_class-后期在子类中重写get_serializer_class返回什么序列化类以后就以哪个序列化类做序列化- get_serializer_class 它是用来重写的def get_serializer_class(self):if self.request.methodGET:return 序列化的类else:return 反序列化的类-get_object 获取单条---》根据它lookup_field 获取五个视图扩展类
继承GenericAPIView5个视图扩展类序列化类Response
# 第三层继承GenericAPIView5个视图扩展类序列化类Response
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixinclass BookView(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin):# 配置两个类属性queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializerdef get(self, request):return super().list(request)def post(self, request):return super().create(request)class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializerdef put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return super(BookDetailView, self).update(request, *args, **kwargs)def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)九个视图子类
这九个是视图子类不需要额外继承GenericAPIView只需要继承9个中其中某个就会有某个或某几个接口可以点击ListAPIView源码分析可知该视图类有一个get方法返回是一个list该类继承的是GenericAPIView,父类有的方法子类都可以使用所以不再需要额外继承GenericAPIView 基于上面再封装成九个视图类
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView, CreateAPIView, ListCreateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView, UpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView, RetrieveDestroyAPIView, \RetrieveUpdateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView # 没有DestroyUpdateAPIView方法前提是没有查询删除不了# 查询图书所有
class BookListView(ListAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 图书新增
class BookCreateView(CreateAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 图书修改
class BookUpdateView(UpdateAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 查询图书单条
class BookRetrieveView(RetrieveAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 删除图书
class BookDestroyView(DestroyAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 图书查询和删除功能
class BookRetrieveDestroyView(RetrieveDestroyAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 图书查询和修改功能
class BookRetrieveUpdateView(RetrieveUpdateAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 图书查询、修改和删除
# 查询图书单条
class BookRetrieveUpdateDestroyView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer 总结
ListAPIView CreateAPIView ListCreateAPIView 给BookView继承的
RetrieveAPIView DestroyAPIView RetrieveDestroyAPIView 给BookDetailView视图提供的
RetrieveAPIView UpdateAPIView RetrieveDestroyAPIView 给BookDetailView视图提供的
RetrieveAPIView UpdateAPIView DestroyAPIView RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView 给BookDetailView视图提供的发现Destroy 和Update 方法没有整合最终通过继承可以写成下面两个类 将上述的功能再整合一起
# 路由urlpatterns [path(books/, views.BookView.as_view()),path(books/int:pk/, views.BookView.as_view()),
]# 视图class BookAPIView(ListCreateAPIView):# 查询所有和新增一个queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializerclass BookDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # 查询单条、更新和删除queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer基于ModelViewSet继承编写5个类
要编写五个接口对应写两个视图类配置两条路由通过观察发现连个视图类的代码几乎一模一样我们借此引入了ModelViewSet类继承自GenericAPIView继承它只需要编写一个视图类 改变了路由写法— path(books/, views.BookAPIView.as_view({get:list,post:create})),path(books/int:pk, views.BookAPIView.as_view({get:retrieve,put:update,delete:destroy})),在路由里面指名两个get方法分别对应的类具体方法,当是get请求访问这个地址就执行视图类的list方法或retrieve方法
视图类
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSetclass BookAPIView(ModelViewSet):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer点开ModelViewSet源码可知ModelViewSet封装了ListAPIView、 CreateAPIView、RetrieveAPIView、UpdateAPIView、DestroyAPIView直接继承ModelViewSet可以直接使用create、list、retrieve、destroy和update五种方法但是我们查询单表和多条都是get的方法所以需要在路由指名两个路由的get方法分别对应内置的方法 path(‘books/’, views.BookAPIView.as_view({‘get’: ‘list’, ‘post’: ‘create’}))
ViewSetMixin源码分析
只要是继承了ViewSetMixin路由写法就变了
ViewSetMixin,不是视图类支持路由映射的写法核心原理是重写了as_view
请求来了 原来执行APIView的as_view内的view(request) 现在执行ViewSetMixin的as_view内的view(request)
class ViewSetMixin: classonlymethoddef as_view(cls, actionsNone, **initkwargs):# actions{get:list,post:create}def view(request, *args, **kwargs):self cls(**initkwargs) # self是BookView 视图类的对象if get in actions and head not in actions:actions[head] actions[get]self.action_map actionsfor method, action in actions.items():# 每次循环都是method:get,actions:list# 去视图类对象中self反射list方法# handler就是BookView的对象中的list方法handler getattr(self, action)# 反射设置值把method:get设置成list方法# BookView类的对象以后就是get方法也就是list方法setattr(self, method, handler)return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)# 根据请求方式执行跟请求方式同名的方法get请求-----》》》get方法ViewSetMixin的总结
以后路由写法as_view()必须传入字典写成映射关系 什么请求方式就会去执行视图类中什么方法根据映射关系去执行
以后只要继承了APIView但是路由写法变化就要继承ViewSetMixin
以后只要继承了GenericAPIView但是路由写法变化就要继承ViewSetMixin
视图类
# ViewSetMixin必须在APIView的前面
class UserView(ViewSetMixin, APIView):def login(self, reqeust):return Response(login)路由
path(users/, views.UserView.as_view({post:login})),ReadOnlyModelViewSet只读
也是继承了GenericAPIView但是内部封装的方法只有两个list、retrieve只查询查询单条和所有 路由写法也改变了 只能写两个方法写多个会报错path(books/, views.BookAPIView.as_view({get:list})),path(books/int:pk, views.BookAPIView.as_view({get:retrieve})),drf之路由
视图类没有继承了ViewSetMixin路由写法跟之前一样
path(books/, views.BookView.as_view())只要视图类继承了ViewSetMixin路由写法必须写成映射的方式
path(books/, views.BookView.as_view({get: list})),只要视图类继承了ModelViewSet还可以这么写
# 导入
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter# 实例化
routerSimpleRouter()# 注册
router.register(books,views.BookAPIView,books)
# 这句话就是相当于写了这两句
path(books/, views.BookAPIView.as_view({get:list,post:create})),
path(books/int:pk, views.BookAPIView.as_view({get:retrieve,put:update,delete:destroy})),# 添加到路由中
urlpatterns router.urls假如视图类中有个login如何应对
from rest_framework.decorators import actionclass BookAPIView(ModelViewSet):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer# 手动映射# methodsNone请求方式# detailNone只能写True或False,如果写了False就是不带pk的路径如果写了True就是带了pk的路径# url_pathNone路径会在之前的路径上拼上这个路径如果不写默认以函数名拼接# url_pathlogin 写了login就会在http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/books/login/books后面加上login# url_nameNone别名用作反向解析action(methods[POST,GET], detailFalse) # 这个时候就只能POSTGET请求别的请求不支持def login(self, request):return Response(login)action(methods[POST], detailFalse) # 这个时候就只能POST请求别的请求不支持def register(self, request):return Response(login)总结
以后只要是继承了ViewSetMixin就可以使用SimpleRouter方式写路由 #1 导入from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouterDefaultRouter#2 实例化 SimpleRouterDefaultRouterrouter SimpleRouter()或认为他们一样即可---》DefaultRouter多一条路径router DefaultRouter()#3 注册路径router.register(books, views.BookView, books)#4 加入到路由中:# 方式一用这个urlpatterns router.urls# 方式二urlpatterns [path(, include(router.urls)),]# 5 list,create,retrieve,destroy,update---自动映射--》SimpleRouter# 6 视图类中自己的方法再做映射--action装饰器action(methods[POST],detailFalse,)def login(self,request):return Response(login)认证组件
登录进系统后再访问接口信息需要携带登录信息如果没携带就不允许访问这个控制就是认证 之前我们学过cookie(浏览器自带的)和Session后端存储的键值对
写个登录
models.py
# 用户表用来做登录
class User(models.Model):username models.CharField(max_length64)password models.CharField(max_length64)class UserToken(models.Model):user models.OneToOneField(toUser, on_deletemodels.CASCADE)token models.CharField(max_length64)views.py
from .models import User, UserToken
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet
import uuidclass UserView(ViewSet):action(methods[POST], detailFalse)def login(self, request):username request.data.get(username)password request.data.get(password)user User.objects.filter(usernameusername, passwordpassword).first()if user:# 生成随机字符串放到UserToken表中把随机字符串返回给前端token str(uuid.uuid4())# 如果之前UserToken中有数据就要更新没有就有新增UserToken.objects.update_or_create(defaults{token: token}, user_iduser.pk)return Response({code: 100, msg: ok, token: token})else:return Response({code: 101, msg: no})app01urls
# 导入
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter# 实例化
routerSimpleRouter()# 注册
# router.register(books,views.BookAPIView,books)
router.register(users,views.UserView,users)
urlpatterns []
# 添加到路由中
urlpatterns router.urls每当我提交一次POST请求token就会刷新UserToken表里的数据也会刷新
认证组件步骤
1.写一个认证类继承BaseAuthentication
2.在类中重写 authenticate在方法中完成认证如果通过返回两个值如果失败抛异常 def authenticate(self, request):# 完成对用户的校验# 当次请求requesttoken request.query_params.get(token)# 表中校验user_token UserToken.objects.filter(tokentoken).first()# 当前登录用户if user_token:user user_token.user# 校验过后返回两个值return user, user_tokenelse:raise AuthenticationFailed(token不合法)3.是用认证类需要放在登录后才能访问的视图类上
class BookView(ViewSet,ListCreateAPIView):queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializerclass BookDetailView(ViewSet,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):authentication_classes [LoginAuth]queryset Book.objects.all()serializer_class BookSerializer4.配置文件中配置
在drf的配置文件中找需要的参数将它拷贝到项目的配置文件中 settings.py
将我们自己的认证模块导入进来,全局配置登录认证
REST_FRAMEWORK {DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES: [app01.auth.LoginAuth,],
}但是这样配置以后就会出问题所有的接口都需要走登录认证我们只需要在需要开放的接口视图类中加上
authentication_classes [] # 括号里不需要加任何参数
