广州网站营销推广设计,淘宝电脑版,网站建设格式,wordpress好学吗英二-2020-Text 1 摘自新科学家#xff08;New scientist#xff09;2018年11月的文章《Rats can make friends with robot rats and will rescue them when stuck》。 以下为个人解析#xff0c;非官方公开标准资料#xff0c;可能有误#xff0c;仅供参考。#xff08;…英二-2020-Text 1 摘自新科学家New scientist2018年11月的文章《Rats can make friends with robot rats and will rescue them when stuck》。 以下为个人解析非官方公开标准资料可能有误仅供参考。单词解释仅摘出部分词性和意思
Paragraph 1 Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. 翻译老鼠和其他动物需要对同伴发出的社交信号有更高的敏感度以便辨别合作伙伴和避开敌人。解释 rat n. 老鼠attuned adj. 敏感的attune v. 使适应、使协调highly attuned 高度敏感表示对外界信号或情况有极其敏锐的感知和反应social adj. 社交的、社会的signal n. 信号identify v. 识别、认出cooperate v. 合作enemies n. 敌人复数形式原形 enemyavoid v. 避免避开 To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 翻译为了弄清楚这种特点是否可以拓展到非生命体上加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的 Laleh Quinn 和她的同事们进行了实验测试老鼠是否能够从机器鼠身上发现社交信号。解释 To ... 为了…find out 找出、查明extend n. 拓展non-living adj. 非生命的beings n. 存在colleague n. 同事whether conj. 是否detect v. 发现、查明、洞察robotic adj. 机器的
21 Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can ___. 译Quinn 和她的同事做了个测试来观察老鼠是否能够 [A] pick up social signals from non-living rats 译从没有生命的老鼠身上获得社交信号 [B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one 译区分友好的和敌对的老鼠 [C] attain sociable traits through special training 译通过特殊训练获得合群的特质 [D] send out warning messages to their fellows 译向同伴发出警告信息
Paragraph 2 They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat — one social and one asocial — for four days. 翻译他们把8只成年老鼠和两只机器鼠放在一起 — 一个社交一个不社交 — 呆了四天。解释 house v. 安置、提供住处adult adj. 成年的asocial adj. 反社交的缺乏社交性的这个实验的目的是观察鼠类对两种不同类型的机器鼠的反应。其中一种机器鼠具有社交特性具备与其他个体进行交流和互动的能力而另一种机器鼠则不具备社交特性不善于与他人进行交流和互动。 The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colourful markings. 翻译机器鼠又安静又简单看上去像是大号的鼠标带有轮子以便四处移动还带有彩色的标志。解释 minimalist n. 极简主义者resembling v. 看起来像原形 resemblechunkier adj. 更大块的、更敦实的chunky 的比较级version n. 版本wheels n. 轮子复数原形 wheel
Paragraph 3 During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. 翻译在实验期间社交机器鼠跟在真鼠周围玩同样的玩具并且打开门让老鼠门逃走。解释 during prep. 在…期间experiment n. 实验follow v. 跟随toys n. 玩具cage n. 笼子trapped adj. 被困住的escape v. 逃跑 Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side. 翻译与此同时不社交简单机器鼠前前后后左左右右地移动。解释forward 向前backward 向后side 一边
22What did the asocial robot do during the experiment? 译不社交机器人在实验期间做了什么 [A] It followed the social robot. 译它跟着社交机器人。 [B] It played with some toys. 译它玩了一些玩具。 [C] It set the trapped rats free. 译它使被困住的老鼠脱困。 [D] It moved around alone. 译它自己四处移动。
Paragraph 4 Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. 翻译接下来研究者们将机器人困在笼子里并给了老鼠们通过按下杠杆就能释放机器人的机会。解释 trap v. 困住、缠住、使陷入困境cage n. 笼子opportunity n. 机会release v. 释放press v. 按、压lever n. 杠杆 Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 per cent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. 翻译经过18次试验活鼠平均释放社交鼠的可能性比非社交鼠高了52%。解释 trial n. 试验each adv. 每一个likely adj. 可能的on average 平均 This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being, says Quinn. 翻译这表明老鼠将社交机器人视作一个真正的社交对象Quinn说道。解释 perceive v. 感知、察觉到genuine adj. 真正的 The rats may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. 翻译老鼠可能与社交鼠建立更多的信任因为它展示的行为像是在共同探索和玩耍。解释 bond v. 建立互信、紧密结合display v. 展示、表现、扮演communal adj. 公共的、共享的explore v. 探索playing v. 玩耍 This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, she says. 翻译这可能导致老鼠更容易记得早点释放社交鼠并且想让社交鼠在自己被困住时报答它们她说。解释 lead v. 引导better 更加remember v. 记起favour n. 恩情、恩惠earlier adj. 更早的
23According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they ____? 译根据Quinn老鼠们释放机器鼠是因为它们___ [A] tried to practise a means of escape 译尝试练习逃跑的意识 [B] expected it to do the same in return 译希望它做同样的回报 [C] wanted to display their intelligence 译想展现它们的智力 [D] considered that an interesting game 译思考一个有趣的游戏
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“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them,” says Quinn. 翻译“老鼠们展示出了多种形式的互相帮助和合作包括直接的互惠比如一只老鼠会帮助先前帮助过它的另一只老鼠”Quinn说道。解释 engage v. 从事reciprocal adj. 互惠的reciprocity n. 互惠cooperation n. 合作direct adj. 直接的previously adv. 先前的
Paragraph 6 The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. 翻译令人惊讶的是老鼠愿意和设计如此简单的社交机器人成为朋友。解释 readiness n. 愿意、乐意、准备就绪surprising adj. 令人惊讶的、令人吃惊的minimal adj. 简约的 The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. 翻译机器人有着与普通老鼠一样的体型看上去像是一个装着轮子的简单塑料盒子。解释 regular adj. 常规的resemble v. 看起来像simple adj. 简单的plastic adj. 塑料的wheel n. 轮子 “We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scent on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary,” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. 翻译“我们原以为我们需要给它安一个能够移动的头部和尾巴面部特征并给它涂抹气味使其闻起来像真正的鼠类但这并不是必要的”来自澳大利亚昆士兰大学的Janet Wiles在研究中给出了帮助。解释 Wed assumed we had assumedwed have we would haveassume v. 假设tail n. 尾巴facial adj. 面部的feature n. 特点、特征scent n. 气味necessary adj. 必要的
24Janet Wiles notes that rats ____? 译Janet Wiles 提醒老鼠___ [A] can remember other rats’ facial features 译能够记起其他老鼠的面部特征 [B] differentiate smells better than sizes 译分辨气味比分辨体型更厉害 [C] respond more to actions than to looks 译相比外观有更多的行为上的响应 [D] can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 译会被轮子上的塑料盒子吓到
Paragraph 7 The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots, says Wiles. 翻译这个发现显示了老鼠对社交信号有多敏感甚至它们来自于基础的机器人Wiles说道。解释 cue n. 信号、暗示 Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. 翻译类似地孩子往往将机器人当作玩伴甚至当机器人们只表现出简单的社交信号。解释 similarly adv. 相似地tend to 往往treat v. 对待fellow n. 同伴 We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles. 翻译Wiles 说道“我们人类似乎对机器人很着迷而其他动物也是如此。”解释 seem to 似乎fascinated adj. 着迷的
25It can be learned from the text that rats ____? 译从文中我们可以知道老鼠 [A] appear to be adaptable to new surroundings 译似乎能适应新环境 [B] are more socially active than other animals 译比其他动物更活跃 [C] behave differently from children in socializing 译社交行为与孩子不同 [D] are more sensitive to social cues than expected 译对社交线索比预期更敏感
