成都有哪些网站开发公司,wordpress文章摘要调用,seo国外英文论坛,想制作自己的网站GPU-Puzzles项目可以让你学习到GPU编程和cuda核心并行编程的概念#xff0c;通过一个个小问题让你理解cuda的编程和调用#xff0c;创建共享显存空间#xff0c;实现卷积和矩阵乘法等#xff0c;通过每个小问题之后还会奖励一个狗狗小视频#x1f601;
下面是项目的仓库通过一个个小问题让你理解cuda的编程和调用创建共享显存空间实现卷积和矩阵乘法等通过每个小问题之后还会奖励一个狗狗小视频
下面是项目的仓库https://github.com/srush/GPU-Puzzleshttps://github.com/srush/GPU-Puzzles
我本人也是做完了所有的puzzles特地做一份讲解供大家参考
Puzzle 1: Map
Implement a kernel (GPU function) that adds 10 to each position of vector a and stores it in vector out. You have 1 thread per position.
题目的目的是让out输出为a中所有元素10
def map_spec(a):return a 10def map_test(cuda):def call(out, a) - None:local_i cuda.threadIdx.x# FILL ME IN (roughly 1 lines)out[local_i] a[local_i] 10return callSIZE 4
out np.zeros((SIZE,))
a np.arange(SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Map, map_test, [a], out, threadsperblockCoord(SIZE, 1), specmap_spec
)
problem.show()
这里不能完全用Python代码的思想去阅读函数每次调用cuda.threadId.x的时候都会取一个新的核心实现并行的效果下面是可视化运行效果
# MapScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Puzzle 2 - Zip
Implement a kernel that adds together each position of a and b and stores it in out. You have 1 thread per position.
在out中每个元素是a,b向量中对应位置元素和这里不需要什么额外操作直接local_i作为对应位置的索引即可
def zip_spec(a, b):return a bdef zip_test(cuda):def call(out, a, b) - None:local_i cuda.threadIdx.x# FILL ME IN (roughly 1 lines)out[local_i] a[local_i] b[local_i]return callSIZE 4
out np.zeros((SIZE,))
a np.arange(SIZE)
b np.arange(SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Zip, zip_test, [a, b], out, threadsperblockCoord(SIZE, 1), speczip_spec
)
problem.show()
可视化效果 # ZipScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Puzzle 3 - Guards
Implement a kernel that adds 10 to each position of a and stores it in out. You have more threads than positions.
这里是Map的升级版我们拥有更多的cuda线程但是这不影响利用if判断使local_i索引有效即可
def map_guard_test(cuda):def call(out, a, size) - None:local_i cuda.threadIdx.x# FILL ME IN (roughly 2 lines)if (local_i size):out[local_i] a[local_i] 10return callSIZE 4
out np.zeros((SIZE,))
a np.arange(SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Guard,map_guard_test,[a],out,[SIZE],threadsperblockCoord(8, 1),specmap_spec,
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# GuardScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Puzzle 4 - Map 2D
Implement a kernel that adds 10 to each position of a and stores it in out. Input a is 2D and square. You have more threads than positions.
这里更进了一步教我们cuda可以创建二维的线程我们创建了多余的线程需要更多边界判断
def map_2D_test(cuda):def call(out, a, size) - None:local_i cuda.threadIdx.xlocal_j cuda.threadIdx.y# FILL ME IN (roughly 2 lines)if local_i size and local_j size:out[local_i, local_j] a[local_i, local_j]1return callSIZE 2
out np.zeros((SIZE, SIZE))
a np.arange(SIZE * SIZE).reshape((SIZE, SIZE))
problem CudaProblem(Map 2D, map_2D_test, [a], out, [SIZE], threadsperblockCoord(3, 3), specmap_spec
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# Map 2DScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Puzzle 5 - Broadcast
Implement a kernel that adds a and b and stores it in out. Inputs a and b are vectors. You have more threads than positions.
其实就是前面zip的二维版本对行向量和列向量相同索引位置相加线程比实际矩阵大要注意边界
def broadcast_test(cuda):def call(out, a, b, size) - None:local_i cuda.threadIdx.xlocal_j cuda.threadIdx.y# FILL ME IN (roughly 2 lines)if local_i size and local_j size:out[local_i, local_j] a[local_i, 0] b[0, local_j]return callSIZE 2
out np.zeros((SIZE, SIZE))
a np.arange(SIZE).reshape(SIZE, 1)
b np.arange(SIZE).reshape(1, SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Broadcast,broadcast_test,[a, b],out,[SIZE],threadsperblockCoord(3, 3),speczip_spec,
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# BroadcastScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Puzzle 6 - Blocks
Implement a kernel that adds 10 to each position of a and stores it in out. You have fewer threads per block than the size of a.
这里和前面不同每一块中线程数比矩阵要小但是这也不影响因为把块是把线程分组了每个块有一定数量的线程程序会循环遍历取出一个个线程块判断好边界条件即可
def map_block_test(cuda):def call(out, a, size) - None:i cuda.blockIdx.x * cuda.blockDim.x cuda.threadIdx.x# FILL ME IN (roughly 2 lines)if i size:out[i] a[i] 10return callSIZE 9
out np.zeros((SIZE,))
a np.arange(SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Blocks,map_block_test,[a],out,[SIZE],threadsperblockCoord(4, 1),blockspergridCoord(3, 1),specmap_spec,
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# BlocksScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Puzzle 7 - Blocks 2D
Implement the same kernel in 2D. You have fewer threads per block than the size of a in both directions.
这里线程矩阵比实际的矩阵大小要小但是没关系设置好边界条件直接遍历即可
def map_block2D_test(cuda):def call(out, a, size) - None:i cuda.blockIdx.x * cuda.blockDim.x cuda.threadIdx.x# FILL ME IN (roughly 4 lines)j cuda.blockIdx.y * cuda.blockDim.y cuda.threadIdx.yif i size and j size:out[i, j] a[i, j] 10return callSIZE 5
out np.zeros((SIZE, SIZE))
a np.ones((SIZE, SIZE))problem CudaProblem(Blocks 2D,map_block2D_test,[a],out,[SIZE],threadsperblockCoord(3, 3),blockspergridCoord(2, 2),specmap_spec,
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# Blocks 2DScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Puzzle 8 - Shared
Implement a kernel that adds 10 to each position of a and stores it in out. You have fewer threads per block than the size of a.
这里是利用共享内存的教学cuda申请共享内存只能用静态变量
TPB 4
def shared_test(cuda):def call(out, a, size) - None:shared cuda.shared.array(TPB, numba.float32)i cuda.blockIdx.x * cuda.blockDim.x cuda.threadIdx.xlocal_i cuda.threadIdx.xif i size:shared[local_i] a[i]cuda.syncthreads()# FILL ME IN (roughly 2 lines)if I size:out[i] shared[local_i] 10return callSIZE 8
out np.zeros(SIZE)
a np.ones(SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Shared,shared_test,[a],out,[SIZE],threadsperblockCoord(TPB, 1),blockspergridCoord(2, 1),specmap_spec,
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# SharedScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Puzzle 9 - Pooling
Implement a kernel that sums together the last 3 position of a and stores it in out. You have 1 thread per position. You only need 1 global read and 1 global write per thread.
这里教会我们要控制全局读写次数如果把需要重复读的内容移动到共享内存可以提升效率
def pool_spec(a):out np.zeros(*a.shape)for i in range(a.shape[0]):out[i] a[max(i - 2, 0) : i 1].sum()return outTPB 8
def pool_test(cuda):def call(out, a, size) - None:shared cuda.shared.array(TPB, numba.float32)i cuda.blockIdx.x * cuda.blockDim.x cuda.threadIdx.xlocal_i cuda.threadIdx.x# FILL ME IN (roughly 8 lines)if i size:shared[local_i] a[i]cuda.syncthreads()if i 0:out[i] shared[local_i]elif i 1:out[i] shared[local_i] shared[local_i - 1]else:out[i] shared[local_i] shared[local_i - 1] shared[local_i - 2]return callSIZE 8
out np.zeros(SIZE)
a np.arange(SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Pooling,pool_test,[a],out,[SIZE],threadsperblockCoord(TPB, 1),blockspergridCoord(1, 1),specpool_spec,
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# PoolingScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Puzzle 10 - Dot Product
Implement a kernel that computes the dot-product of a and b and stores it in out. You have 1 thread per position. You only need 2 global reads and 1 global write per thread.
这里是手动实现向量点乘我们可以先把结果暂存到一个共享内存中然后最后用一个线程统一计算共享内存的数据并输出到结果这样可以控制全局读写次数
def dot_spec(a, b):return a bTPB 8
def dot_test(cuda):def call(out, a, b, size) - None:shared cuda.shared.array(TPB, numba.float32)i cuda.blockIdx.x * cuda.blockDim.x cuda.threadIdx.xlocal_i cuda.threadIdx.x# FILL ME IN (roughly 9 lines)if i size:shared[local_i] a[i] * b[i]cuda.syncthreads()if local_i 0:total 0.0for j in range(TPB):total shared[j]out[0] totalreturn callSIZE 8
out np.zeros(1)
a np.arange(SIZE)
b np.arange(SIZE)
problem CudaProblem(Dot,dot_test,[a, b],out,[SIZE],threadsperblockCoord(SIZE, 1),blockspergridCoord(1, 1),specdot_spec,
)
problem.show()
可视化效果
# DotScore (Max Per Thread):| Global Reads | Global Writes | Shared Reads | Shared Writes || 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 后面还有puzzle11-14因为难度比较大思路较为复杂留在下一篇文章做讲解
GPU Puzzles讲解二-CSDN博客
