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Git常用命令diff和mv

1、diff

# 查看工作区和暂存区所有文件的对比
# 该命令可以显示尚未添加到stage的文件的变更
$ git diff

# 查看工作区和暂存区单个文件的对比
$ git diff file

# 显示暂存区和上一个commit的差异
# 查看暂存区与指定提交版本的不同,版本可缺省为HEAD
$ git diff --cached commit

# 显示工作区与当前分支最新commit之间的差异
$ git diff HEAD
# 比较与上一个版本的差异
$ git diff HEAD^

# 显示今天你写了多少行代码
$ git diff --shortstat "@{0 day ago}"

# 显示添加到stage的文件与当前最新版本之间的差异
# 该命令可以显示添加到stage的文件与当前最新版本之间的差异
$ git diff --staged

# 查看工作区和暂存区所有文件的对比,并显示出所有有差异的文件列表
# 注意
# 1.你修改了某个文件,但是没有提交到暂存区,这时候会有对比的内容,一旦提交到暂存区,就不会有对比的内容(因为暂存区已经更新)
# 2.如果你新建了一个文件,但是没有提交到暂存区,这时候diff是没有结果的
$ git diff --stat

# 查看暂存区与上次提交到本地仓库的快照(即最新提交到本地仓库的快照)的对比
$ git diff --cached/--staged

# 查看工作区与上次提交到本地仓库的快照(即最新提交到本地仓库的快照)的对比
$ git diff branchname

# 查看两个本地分支中某一个文件的对比
$ git diff branchname..branchname filename

# 查看两个本地分支所有的对比
# 该命令可以显示两个分支之间的差异
$ git diff branchname..branchname

# 查看远程分支和远程分支的对比
$ git diff origin/branchname..origin/branchname

# 查看远程分支和本地分支的对比
$ git diff origin/branchname..branchname
# 比较远程分支master上有本地分支master上没有的
$ git diff origin/master..master                            

# 只显示差异的文件,不显示具体内容
$ git diff origin/master..master --stat

# 查看工作区与指定提交版本的不同
$ git diff commit# 查看两个commit的对比,其中任一可缺省为HEAD
$ git diff commit1..commit2 # 查看2个不同分支指定提交版本的不同,其中任一可缺省为HEAD
$ git diff commit...commit
# 该命令相当于
$ git diff $(git-merge-base A B) B

# 比较与HEAD版本lib目录的差异
git diff HEAD -- ./lib

2、mv

修改暂存区文件。

# 修改文件名字,并且将这个改名放入暂存区
$ git mv old_file_name new_file_name

# 文件必须纳入版本控制才可以执行git mv
$ touch old_file.txt$ git mv old_file.txt new_file.txt
fatal: not under version control, source=old_file.txt, destination=new_file.txt

# git add之后修改
$ ls
a.txt  b.txt  c.txt  d.txt  f.txt  new.txt  test.txt$ touch old_file.txt$ git add old_file.txt$ git mv old_file.txt new_file.txt$ git status
On branch branch_a
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/branch_a'.Changes to be committed:(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)new file:   new_file.txt$ ls
a.txt  b.txt  c.txt  d.txt  e.txt  f.txt  new.txt  new_file.txt$ git commit -m "rename file"
[branch_a b54a03a] rename file1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)create mode 100644 new_file.txt$ git status
On branch branch_a
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/branch_a' by 1 commit.(use "git push" to publish your local commits)nothing to commit, working tree clean

# git commit之后修改
$ ls
a.txt  b.txt  c.txt  d.txt  f.txt  new.txt  test.txt$ touch old_file.txt$ git add old_file.txt$ git commit -m "add old_file.txt"
[develop 360e9c5] add old_file.txt1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)create mode 100644 old_file.txt$ git mv old_file.txt new_file.txt# 是执行完git add命令之后的结果
$ git status
On branch develop
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/develop' by 1 commit.(use "git push" to publish your local commits)Changes to be committed:(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)renamed:    old_file.txt -> new_file.txt$ ls
a.txt  b.txt  c.txt  d.txt  f.txt  new.txt  new_file.txt  test.txt$ git commit -m "rename file"
[develop a0ab796] rename file1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)rename old_file.txt => new_file.txt (100%)